Do Solar Panels Work in Cold Weather?
Solar panels transform energy from the sun into a form that can be used to heat our homes and cook our food, but will solar panels work in the winter? It is a logical question to ask, because we can all feel the difference in the sun's output between a blazing hot summer and a freezing, perhaps even snowy winter. Let us take a look behind the scenes, so to speak, and see exactly how solar panels work.
What are Solar Panels Made From?
Solar panels consist of two layers of wafer-thin slices of silicon. One of these layers is positively charged, while the other is negatively charged. When the sun's rays hit these photovoltaic cells, they agitate the electrons, which begin to move between the positive and negative wafers; this "agitation" causes an electric current.
How Do Solar Panels Work?
The electrical current created by the movement of the electrons is direct current (DC), which is not suitable for use in the home. But the direct current is easily converted into alternating current (AC), which is perfect for domestic home use. It can also be stored until it is needed, which is highly useful since we seldom need to light or warm our homes when the sun is shining!
The Power Grid
Most homes that have solar panels are also connected to a power company's grid. If your solar panels do not generate enough to meet all your power needs, they can be topped up by the power company.
But what happens more and more, with new efficiencies in both solar panel manufacture and appliances using less power to create the same effect, is that your solar power is surplus, especially at times of low usage (when you are away from home, for example, or in the middle of the day, when little power is being used).
This surplus can actually flow into the power company's grid, and you will be credited for that power on your bill. This means that summer sunshine can, ultimately, help pay for heating your home (whether new or old) in winter.
Do Solar Panels Work in Cold Weather?
This brings us back to the main question: what happens in winter when the sun is further away and the weather is noticeably colder? Do solar panels still work effectively? The short answer is that your solar panels can function just as well in cold weather as they do in hot weather. However, there are a few caveats to this. Solar power does not, as might be assumed, use the heat of the sun to work.
Rather, it is the light from the sun that is harnessed and converted into useful electricity. The clue can be found in the name of the cells used to harness the sun's rays: photovoltaic, where "photo” refers to light (if it were heat, it would be 'thermovoltaic'). So we can see that as long as it is a bright day, solar panels should work effectively, even if it is cold.
Are There Times When Solar Panels Do NOT Work?
There are some conditions under which your solar panels will not work effectively. Most of the time, this is because the solar panel array can't see the sun's rays for some reason. Sometimes this is because of thick cloud cover, which can make it very dull and gray.
On these days, you will still make some solar power, but probably not enough to meet all your needs. Pollutants in the air, such as those produced by out-of-control wildfires or, in extreme cases, ash from volcanoes, can also be a cause. But your solar panels can also be prevented from working at their best by a thick snow cover or leaves blowing over from nearby trees.
In these latter cases, make sure, when you install your solar panels, that you have a way to access them fairly easily for cleaning and maintenance (the secret of a well-run home)—simply wiping down the grime that accumulates over time will restore your solar panels back to peak efficiency.
On the other hand, solar panels are made to almost clean themselves. They can easily brush off deep snow and dirt, so cleaning them shouldn't be too hard.
Positive Notes to End On
One very useful feature of solar power for those who live in countries (such as Ireland, which has solar panels) where winter can be very cold but clear: the cold increases the "difference" between the positive and negative wafers, emphasizing the agitation between the two. This means that the electrical current produced is stronger and will therefore give you more power for your home.
Finally, a thick blanket of snow illuminates the landscape while reflecting a lot of light upwards to your roof, where it finds your solar panels!
Do solar panels work in cold weather? The answer is, they do—and not only that, but they can even work more efficiently than in the summertime. And that is a win when it comes to heating our homes, ensuring that we have hot water for bathing and washing up, and for cooking delicious meals that also help to stave off the cold!